Perceptions of Administrative and Academic Support Services by Student :: essays research papers

Perceptions of Students in MSA Courses Perceptions of administrative and Academic nurse Services by Students fetching Courses in the Master of attainment in Administration ProgramAbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of empirical data relating to the scholarships of students currently enrolled in courses offered in the Masters of Science in Administration (MSA) program at Saint Michaels College (SMC) in Winooski, Vermont. A watch over was designed and administered to 95 students in an driving to capture their perception of the case of academic and administrative support work available to graduate students. Specific attention was given to the areas of enrollment services, financial services, depository library services and advising. The subjects generally rated these services somewhere between average and excellent. Comments written-in by subjects provide information that can be used to improve the students understand with various MSA Program services. Perceptions of Ad ministrative and Academic Support Services by Students Taking Courses in the Master of Science in Administration Program at Saint Michaels CollegeCustomer perception surveys are a means of measuring how clients rate their experience with products or services. The result is a quantitative measure of their levels of gladness. By repeating the survey at regular intervals, it can be determined whether customers perceptions are improving or deteriorating. Based on this information, changes can be do in services and selling strategies. By later repeating the study, it can be determined how effective the changes have been in improving how a customer rates their experience.In an audience with Paul Olsen, Associate Director, Master of Science in Administration Program, we learned that the MSA program has not conducted a survey of students enrolled in the program to identify levels of satisfaction with services and programs offered. There has been one formal survey of alumni, completed in the spring of 1996 by SMC undergraduates in a inquiry Methods class (See Appendix D). This survey was conducted to gather information pertaining to overall satisfaction with the graduate program, whether the alumnis goals and objectives had been met, and demographic data on program alumni. Our team believes that a survey of students currently pickings MSA program course could provide information that would be tremendously helpful in assisting the college to assess the efficiency and quality of its services. Our operating(a) premise is that an individuals first experience with an organization has a direct impact on their long-term impressions and overall senses of connectedness. Therefore,Perceptions of Administrative and Academic Support Services by Student essays research papers Perceptions of Students in MSA Courses Perceptions of Administrative and Academic Support Services by Students Taking Courses in the Master of Science in Administration ProgramAbstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of empirical data relating to the perceptions of students currently enrolled in courses offered in the Masters of Science in Administration (MSA) program at Saint Michaels College (SMC) in Winooski, Vermont. A survey was designed and administered to 95 students in an effort to capture their perception of the quality of academic and administrative support services available to graduate students. Specific attention was given to the areas of enrollment services, financial services, library services and advising. The subjects generally rated these services somewhere between average and excellent. Comments written-in by subjects provide information that can be used to improve the students experience with various MSA Program services. Perceptions of Administrative and Academic Support Services by Students Taking Courses in the Master of Science in Administration Program at Saint Michaels CollegeCustomer perception surveys are a means of measuring how customers rate their experience with products or services. The result is a quantitative measure of their levels of satisfaction. By repeating the survey at regular intervals, it can be determined whether customers perceptions are improving or deteriorating. Based on this information, changes can be made in services and marketing strategies. By later repeating the study, it can be determined how effective the changes have been in improving how a customer rates their experience.In an interview with Paul Olsen, Associate Director, Master of Science in Administration Program, we learned that the MSA program has not conducted a survey of students enrolled in the program to identify levels of satisfaction with services and programs offered. There has been one formal survey of alumni, completed in the spring of 1996 by SMC undergraduates in a Research Methods class (See Appendix D). This survey was conducted to gather information pertaining to overall satisfaction with the graduate program, whether the alumnis goals and objectives had been met, and demographic data on program alumni. Our team believes that a survey of students currently taking MSA program course could provide information that would be tremendously helpful in assisting the college to assess the efficiency and quality of its services. Our operating premise is that an individuals first experience with an organization has a direct impact on their long-term impressions and overall senses of connectedness. Therefore,

The Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay -- Joy Lu

The Search for Identity in The Joy Luck Club When Chinese immigrants enter the United States of America, it is evident from the start that they argon in a world far different than their homeland. Face to face with a dominant culture that often times acts and thinks in ways contrary to their previous lives, immigrants are on a difficult path of attempting to become an American. Chinese immigrants find themselves often caught between two worlds the old world of structured, traditional and didactic China and the new world of mobile, young and prosperous America. They nostalgically hold back back at China longing for a simpler life but look at the United States as a land of opportunity and freedom that they did not know in China. For this is why they came to America in the first place, to tolerate for their children and themselves what they could not in China. To do this, of course, they are faced with the challenge of assimilating. Learning the language, acquiring education, ownin g property, etc. are all ways to seize the American Dream. that this poses a problem for the Chinese immigrant for, in the process of assimilation, they lose some of their Chinese culture. This especially rings true for the children of Chinese immigrants the second-generation Chinese Americans. Second-generation Chinese Americans are faced with a special challenge. Their parents have endured the struggle to come to this coun... ... October 19%. 256,257. Shear, Walter. Generational Differences and the Diaspora. Critigue Spring 1993 193-199. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York A variability of Random House, Inc., 199 1. Tsai, Shan-Shan Henry. The Chinese Experience in America. Bloomington and Indianapolis Indiana University Press, 1986. Xu, Ben. Memory and the Ethnic Self. Reading Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club.Meleus. Spring 1994 3 -16. Yung, Judy. Chinese Women in America A Pictorial History. Seattle and London University of Washington Press, 1989. (several found in Gale Literary Database t)v-(http//www.galenet.com/servlet/GLD/hits?c...n=10&1=d&NA=Amy+Tan=&The+Joy+-Luck+Club)

Risk Management Essay -- Investment Business Risk

What is risk of infection?Simply put, risk is uncertainty. The more risk you take, the more you stand to lose or gain. You can non expect high returns without victorious substantial risks. Tossing a dice, is at basic level a risky endeavor. The outcomes be thrown open to uncertainty. You take risk everytime you act, from crossing the street to buy a stock. Generally when people talk about risk, they focus on financial risk. In terms of finance, it is the risk that a company or private could lose some or all of the original investment, possibly resulting in inadequate cash flow to meet financial obligations. The concept of risk is not a simple concept in finance. You cannot make wise investments without first considering risk. To be successful, every investor must be able to identify and understand the types of risk they face across their entire portfolio. Measuring risk is just as important as measuring returns. In the financial world, risk is often denotative as volatility of returns. Volatility measures how variable outcomes are likely to be. Standard deviation is a general statistical measure of volatility. It measures historical variability of returns from their mean. A higher standard deviation implies more variable and uncertain returns. Measuring risk on a portfolio basis shows how well diversified your investments are, where the largest gains and losses are likely to be conc... ...my is in recession, and on what grounds? What actually constitutes a recession, anyway? When a nations economy enters a recession, is life guaranteed to get harder for most of its citizens? (http//www.howstuffworks.com/r ecession.htm)How do you know when youre taking too much risk? Or not enough? Risk is a natural part of this world, and indeed, risk can introduce great opportunities for those who understand and know how to manage it. Advances in risk management theory have had a tremendous impact on global frugal development. Now we have powerful ways to analyze risks and make stable decisions about the future. We can identify and measure different types of risk, and decide which ones to take and which ones to avoid.

Albert Einstein :: essays research papers

What I find most admirable about AlbertEinstein is the way he thought up his theoriesand had the ability to conduct experiments onthem. By doing this, he answered manyquestions of the scientific realm of the world.Some of the traits I admire are1. A trait I admire is his curiosity because heof in all time wanted to find out how things worked.When he was five years old his father gavehim a compass. It was a brain-teaser to him. Hewanted to know why the arrow alwayspointed north. His father explained magnetismto him, but that explanation didnt make theinvisible power less mysterious. When he wasolder, he learned more about magnets. Heknew that the earths magnetic field made theneedle point north. Since I am also very unusual about how things work, this trait isone that I definitely share with him.Another trait that I admire is that he was a cordial teacher with a sense of humor, andthat is what his students liked about him. In1909 Albert was offered a position as anassociate profess or at the University ofZurich. His friendliness and sense of humormade him favourite with his students eventhough they thought he was a little strange.How did they think he was strange? Well, onhis first day of class he came togged up inpants that were too short and he had hisnotes on a single scrap of paper. But aftertalking for a few minutes, his students knewthat they had a very special teacher. Hecared about physics and about his students.He enjoyed talking to his students and wouldinterrupt his own work just to help them. Hewas always welcoming questions and ofteninvited his students to a local cafe or hishome to continue classroom discussions Ifound that teachers I had in the past whowere friendly made learning more interesting.Another trait was that he was good at math.Albert didnt care for school. The only subjecthe did like was math because forecast outproblems was easy and fun for him. His uncleintroduced him to algebra when he waseleven years old because he knew Albert enjoyed working with numbers. Albert was sogood at algebra that he was soon clear foran advanced type of math.At twelve years old, Alberts friend, MaxTalmud gave him a book on geometry. Thebook captured his imagination and opened upa self-coloured new world of logic. He consideredgeometry as a kind of miracle, like thecompass. He had no trouble going throughthe book and solving all the problems. Hesoon taught himself the more advanced formof math called calculus.

Allegorizations of the Active and Contemplative Lives in Philo, Origen,

Allegorizations of the Active and ruminative Lives in Philo, Origen, Augustine, and GregoryThis paper examines the allegorical interpretations devoted to several Scriptural pairs as they relate to the idea of the fighting(a) and broody lives in Philo, Origen, Augustine, and Gregory. As will be shown, Augustine combines elements found in the two forward writers to form his allegory of the two wives of Jacob as representative of the combat-ready and contemplative lives.In Philo, most of the essential elements of later Christian thought on the active and contemplative lives are already present. The superiority of the contemplative life is given at the beginning of his treatise on it I have discussed the Essenes, who persistently pursued the active life and excelled in all or, to put it more moderately, in most of its departments. I will now proceed at once in consent with the sequence required by the subject to say what is needed about those who embraced the life of contemplation (De Vita Cont. 1 471). The idea that the contemplative life follows upon the active is too present here, and is elaborated elsewhere ... infants have one place and full grown men another. The one is named ascetic knowledge and the other is called wisdom... For what life is bring out than a contemplative life, or more appropriate to a rational being? (De Migr. Abr. 9 443). Both the active and contemplative lives are virtuous, but the contemplative is the more mature and fuller expression of the life of wisdom it should, however, only be practiced once the former has been used as a training ground.Philo allegorizes Leah and Rachel in several related ways in his works (cf. Sly, 163-74). At one point he identifies Rachel with bodily beauty, ... ... moves away. She loves to contemplate her lovely eyes I love to use my hands to adorn myself her joy is in reflection, mine in act. (Purgatorio xxvii, 101-08, Musa trans.) What has been called the breadth of Augustines vision and the lyrical exaltation of his language (Mason, 45) has cast a long shadow indeed.Works Cited * Butler, D. C. Western Mysticism The Teaching of Augustine, Gregory and Bernard on Contemplation and the Contemplative Life. 2nd ed. New York Harper & Row, 1966. * Mason, M. E. Active Life and Contemplative Life A Study of the Concepts from Plato to the Present. Milwaukee Marquette University Press, 1961. * Runia, D. T. Philo in Early Christian Literature A Survey. Assen Van Gorcum/Minneapolis Fortress Press, 1993. * Sly, D. Philos Perception of Women. Atlanta Scholars Press, 1990.

Allegorizations of the Active and Contemplative Lives in Philo, Origen,

Allegorizations of the Active and Contemplative Lives in Philo, Origen, Augustine, and GregoryThis paper examines the allegorical interpretations given to several Scriptural pairs as they relate to the idea of the nimble and contemplative lives in Philo, Origen, Augustine, and Gregory. As will be shown, Augustine combines elements found in the two previous writers to form his allegory of the two wives of Jacob as representative of the progressive and contemplative lives.In Philo, most of the essential elements of later Christian thought on the active and contemplative lives are already present. The superiority of the contemplative life story is given at the beginning of his treatise on it I have discussed the Essenes, who persistently pursued the active life and excelled in all or, to put it more moderately, in most of its departments. I will now proceed at once in accordance with the sequence required by the subject to say what is compulsory about those who embraced the life of contemplation (De Vita Cont. 1 471). The idea that the contemplative life follows upon the active is also present here, and is elaborated elsewhere ... infants have one start and full grown men another. The one is named ascetic training and the other is called sapience... For what life is better than a contemplative life, or more appropriate to a rational being? (De Migr. Abr. 9 443). Both the active and contemplative lives are virtuous, but the contemplative is the more mature and fuller expression of the life of wisdom it should, however, only be practiced once the former has been used as a training ground.Philo allegorizes Leah and Rachel in several related ways in his whole caboodle (cf. Sly, 163-74). At one point he identifies Rachel with bodily beauty, ... ... moves away. She loves to contemplate her lovely eyes I love to use my hands to adorn myself her joy is in reflection, mine in act. (Purgatorio xxvii, 101-08, Musa trans.) What has been called the breadth o f Augustines vision and the lyrical exaltation of his language (Mason, 45) has cast a long shadow indeed.Works Cited * Butler, D. C. Western Mysticism The pedagogics of Augustine, Gregory and Bernard on Contemplation and the Contemplative Life. 2nd ed. New York Harper & Row, 1966. * Mason, M. E. Active Life and Contemplative Life A Study of the Concepts from Plato to the Present. Milwaukee Marquette University Press, 1961. * Runia, D. T. Philo in Early Christian Literature A Survey. Assen Van Gorcum/Minneapolis Fortress Press, 1993. * Sly, D. Philos Perception of Women. Atlanta Scholars Press, 1990.

Guide for employers Essay

Eliminating would mean developing a zero tolerance anti-bully policy while the blend in environment is being structured to incorporate a sense of autonomy and individual challenge. The best way is to define specific duties and responsibilities of every employee working in the organization. This shall give one a good reference of what and what non to do as covered by the job description. People management practices of managers and work systems essential be determined like staff shortages, poorly defined jobs, and lack of policies and procedures including leadership styles.A good and strong HR is but appropriate when there is a read for control of attitude and behavior like when the bullies are the managers. It is high time that HR shall have a distinct place in the organizational chart like organization reengineering that will really come them gistive in responding to employees problems like sexual harassment, bullies, and workplace violence. However intimidation is not always intentional.Workplace diversity also plays a minor role in it when people do not catch exposem to realize that the effect on seemingly innocent gestures or words on others may be perceived negatively and may have a detrimental effect brought about by relative cultural differences. The organization then is encouraged to dofully design and implement an equal opportunity or diversity policies to start culture change and work ethics like what is and what is not an acceptcapable behavior. This will of course lessen counterproductive behaviors. Allow no idle time, see to it that each one is performing and completing their job on time.Preoccupation with the task on hand makes employees look and observe other people less. inert times promotes chatting and looking at other peoples mortalal businesses. HR of course shall make use of productivity tools measurement like man-machine charts to make sure that employees used their time wisely but not overworked. The organization must(preno minal) promote team empowerment and group dynamics leadership to care for the values, interest and emotional responses of the members while taking care of the interests of the organization. Develop a code of ethics that everyone is able to understand and follow.HR needed to establish an autonomous contact with employees and secretly conduct attitude surveys especially on departments where there is high statistics of staff turnover. Eliminate trouble spots by holding sensory faculty seminar and providing a kind of online hotline where employees may be able to tell their problems to HR direct. It could be a tedious task reading emails and complaints but there is not much option better than open communication. Procedure must be developed in handling complaints regarding bullying. The easiest part is to make a blog as part of the company website and encourage employees to contribute.One can know if something is happening within the organization or not by the way they write. To manage stress, slurred rooted problems even domestic ones, big organizations must be able to have a counselor (Tehrani 2001, p. 209) offline and online. If it is too expensive then the organization must be able to refer them to one that is not so expensive and that can closely work with HR. Domestic problems has greater tendency to get spilled out in workplaces. Stress and anxiety affects productivity and so employers must provide all the features that could eliminate such deficiency.Domestic violence is not just a private matter anymore because it could get spilled in the workplace anytime. Bullying breed bullying and violence breeds violence. Bully and violence complaints must be nowadays responded, investigated and properly documented. This will also paved way to improving current anti-bully policy on hand. Since this is a problem of global dimension, there is a need to evaluate the violence prevention programs and refer any difficulties to an organization that specializes in the fiel d.Employers must keep records of the bullying to help determine the reasons for the bully to be able to find relative solutions for it. The anti-bully policy must be made available in the companys website along with the organizations contact person for quick reference. Remember that one is dealing with the behavior and not with the person so it would be good to provide counseling and personal development programs too.References exertion Workcover 2004 Preventing workplace bullying a guide for employers and employees ACT, Australia, pp. 4. Retrieved November 6, 2007Website http//www. workcover. act. gov. au/pdfs/guides_cop/Bullying_Guide-Final. pdf SHARP 2006 Workplace bullying what everyone needs to know Department of Labor and Industries, Western Australia, pp. 1. Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website http//www. lni. wa. gov/Safety/ query/Files/Bullying. pdf Tehrani, N. 2001 Building a culture of respect managing bullying at work Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 209. The CMR Group 2006 W orkplace bullying what can you do? Retrieved November 6, 2007 Website http//www. badbossology. com/i9763-c47

How Life has been Good to me Essay

I am a happy person. I have everything that I could ever want in my life. I am single, and yet I have the company and friendship of many. I have a good job, adequate money in the bank, and a nice house. Nevertheless, I am of the buckram belief that whether or not I possess these material things, I will remain a happy person. A persons gladness can be based on a variety of things, which could be of tangible or incorporeal nature. Happiness is a feeling that is based on an individuals manner of thinking, philosophy in life, or religious belief. Happiness could consist in having nothing to worry about, or being in the company of loved ones.The source of happiness is as unique as every individual person. (Philosophy Life Happiness Creativity). My happiness is based on my wait of every little thing that God has put in my way. I realize that I have been lucky because I do not roll in the hay in poverty. I am fortunate enough to possess material things that make my life comfortable. I am also being prepared to be self-sufficient, as I am going through college. For all of these blessings, I have no other option but to be happy. I am optimistic about how the rest of my life will turn out.I am hoping it would still be as pleasant as the present, although I would not be sad if I encounter some rough road ahead. I view trials make people strong. Finally, I believe I owe my happiness to God, who is the reason why I am enjoying everything that I have in the present, or will have in the future. I also believe that God is the reason why there is no second in my life that I feel empty. I know that I shall feel happy, for as long as I have God watching over me.ReferencePhilosophy Life Happiness Creativity. Retrieved February 18, 2007, from http//huizen. daxis. nl/henkt/happiness. htm

The Edge and Cassie Jones English

Although, one lady was scared of embarrassment, she knew that she had to say something. She had her own boy at home. You boys will be hurt. Youll be killed, she said. The boys acted like they were going to obey her but instead made a mockery of her. If they would have respected her words and listened, things energy have been different. A successful gentleman who witnessed the boys laughing and forbidding to obey decided he would put a stop to it.The story states, He walked in a citizenly way to the end of the car, where he pulled the emergency cord. Some may blame this man because pulling the cord halted the wagon train which sent passengers tumbling. Samuel was indeed pitched forward and crushed amidst the two cars. The passengers sat silent. Some may have been thinking they could have prevented this tragedy if only they interfered and not unhappy about embarrassment. The gentleman ultimately feels guilty because if he had not pulled the cord, maybe Samuel would still be alive. The mothers who sent their four sons off on a train without supervision may feel responsible also. Whos to blame? The four boys, regardless of their ethnic background, are responsible. They are old enough to know the difference between right and wrong. What seems like a fun pastime at the moment grass bring many years of sadness to families. No one can be replaced. No matter how many children Samuels mom gave birth to no other boy could be like Samuel. This story gives a life lesson. obeisance authority because their words may save your life.

Energy Drinks Customer Analysis Essay

Energy drinks consumers atomic number 18 generally bellow 35 long duration of age. The industry targets teenagers, young adults and athletes. Workers argon also included in the market segment for this product. As regards to customers description, recent studies has pointed out that 65% of heftiness markets are priapic (Energy Drinks Market, n. d). Consumers are usually single with an average income ( key learning Organization, 2009, p. 8). Nowadays, skill drinks are very popular among teenager students. As confirmed by Bahrain Central discipline Organization webpage (CIO), students rate is 174.98 per 1000 population. This is a large percent taking into account the very small population of Bahrain. Furtherto a greater extent, people at this halt of age are well known to be very outgoing and active but with increasing burdens of daily studies they become very busy and in need for a fast and effective boost for their energy. Similarly, athletes are loosely young adults and stud ents at the same time. They surely need energy drinks to build their bodies and to return them with more strength to exercise their favorite sport.Added to that, workers constitute the third part of energy drinks customers. They use energy drinks quite often, especially the ones with two jobs or more or a full time job. Working in these fields becomes so exhausting which creates a need for more energy and it is obtained by energy drink consumption. For students energy drinks are intensively consumed during midterm or final exams period. Teenagers become nervous and very tired due to the great pressure make by unspoken work studying.A recent study shows that one-half of college students consume at least 1 energy drink per month (M. A. Heckman, K. Sherry, and E. Gonzalez de Mejia, 2010). Students abide that this would help them top more energy in compensate of the amount they have lost. Added to that, athletes need energy drinks before big matches or during tournaments. They aim to gain extra power in order to be able to exercise more and to go on with their games. The customers situations mentioned higher up give certainly cause extravagantly demand on this product in energy drinks market.Whats more the distribution of the product in Bahrain will be on several places nigh the country. Hyper markets, pharmacies, universities and colleges, gyms and also sport clubs are all ideal places to introduce the product as the terce main customers frequently visit those locations. Briefly, market segment for energy drinks is growing well and ready for new products. 2. 2 Customer Description At the time we come to think about energy drinks consumers, we must mark which sort out is in real need for the product.Every person is exposed to the fatigue of daily life which often comes with hard studying or overwork. callowness though, are the most affected group of people as they suffer more from the insufficient amount of energy caused by lack of sleep and hard wor k (Target Group for Energy Drink Ads and the Market, n. d). Granted, a great number of people are working longer hours and appear to lead busier and more nerve-wracking lives however their bodies often substructuret cope because they are often also making poor food and lifestyle choices (J. Davies, n. d, paragraph 1).For energy drinks consumers, motivating depends on how often they actually need to satisfy their wants and needs. However, many campaigns were started by lead energy drinks companies to stimulate motivation. Nevertheless, this target market is mostly consisted of male consumers who mostly believe in the sincerity of energy drinks claims. As a consequence, energy drinks are basically targeted towards today generation (Target Group for Energy Drink Ads and the Market, n. d). 2. 2. 1 Geographic the product will hit units with the largest amount of populations in Bahrain.As demonstrated in the table bellow, the majority of the population is concentrated in the ternion g overnorates Capital, Central and Northern. Administrative units, figure 1 Northern Central Capital Muharraq Southern Southern Map of The Administrative Units Division, figure 2 Moreover, all three are located in the upper side of the country (figure 2). As explained in further point of this report the product is a new grass of Coca Cola Co. The Cola factory is located in Salmabad an industrial area in Bahrain (Wikipedia, 2010). This would be the start point of the distribution process.Then, the product will be delivered to universities, one of the largest places of students gatherings for example University of Bahrain, Bahrain polytechnic and AMA. The product will be available in campuses whether in female genitaliateens, small cold stores or even cafeterias. Also, athletes can easily find the product in gyms and other sports halls. Furthermore, famous hypermarkets such as Geant, Lulu and Carrefour Hypermarket will be the ultimate seller for the product. all three types of custom er can simply find the product in one of these locations.2. 2. 2 Demographic To start with, market segment for energy drinks is targeted at group of people in their late teens to early thirties. The age group is determined between 18 to 34 years of old. Age Groups Both Sexes Males 15 19 70,363 35,961 20 24 102,341 60,497 25 29 151,173 102,994 30 34 139,108 93,838 Total 462985 293290 Figure 3 The data in this table is retrieved from Bahrain Central Information Organization This table presents the population of both Bahraini and non-Bahraini residents in the age group of 15-34.The third column illustrates Males numbers since the majority of consumers belong to this gender. According to the above table, the total population of this market segment is estimated by 462985. Almost 293290 are men which mean they are more than the half of the entire population. There are three main occupations for this crowd they are students, athletes or busy employees. The statistics of Supreme Council for Woman SCW shows that the average age of first marriage for men is 26. 4. This indicates that group A are still single while are married.The statistics also confirm that most families in Bahrain include 5 to 6 members. This proves that consumers typically have a medium size family. Whats more, the first group of consumers is supposed to be high school seniors, recent graduates or college students. On the other hand, group B members are usually universities graduates and new employees. It is proven that customers are willing to pay more per liter in return they expect to receive a satisfactory boost of energy (staff reporter, 2006, paragraph 5). 2. 2. 3 Psychological Characteristics There are several behaviors that characterize energy drinks customers.They are always seeking for more energy. Those consumers are very practical and always thinking of having fun. However, they can easily be tired out by daily duties and work. Especially if they are students with part time jobs or s port activities for athletic students. Added to that, workers who have two or more jobs or work in a full time job can also be jeopardized to continuous pressure and every day stress. Therefore, energy drinks becomes the savior for them due to the immediate power that helps them restore their low energy and range the day normally. 2. 2.4 Behavioral Characteristics The majority of energy drinks customers are young people. Their love for life and hyper is what really distinguish them. Whats more, energy drinks consumers are draw to be really outgoing and very active. This crowd is always trying to find a better way to enjoy their selves. Another thing is that, this group like speed, flash, and direct thrill which can be obtained by most energy drinks taking into account the important role of bold packaging in satisfying customers taste (Packaging Schemes & Energy Popular Drink Designs, n. d).Nevertheless, in some point of the day they can get really busy which upset quite a large nu mber of them and prevent them from completing their activities. This is where the energy drinks market takes place of forming a reliable renewed source of body energy.References 1. Energy Drinks Market. n. d. Retrieved from http//researchwikis. com/Energy_Drinks_Market 2. Bahrain Central Information Organization. Page. 8. 2009. Retrieved from http//www. cio. gov. bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Bahrain%20in%20Figure/BIF2007_2008. pdf 3. M. A. Heckman. K. Sherry. and E. Gonzalez de Mejia. 2010.

Working in the Shadows Ch 4

Justin Falcone October 19,2012 Homework 5 Chapter 4 Journal In reading chapter 4 in working in the shadows we have seen that Gabriele is on his last week of training. Gabriele is giving the job to cut the four rows of lettuce that are in the path of the implement where the lettuce is stored in the boxes. Gabriele is realizing that 4 rows is a lot and his has to amaze them done. In this chapter you as the reader re aloney realize all the courage, ambition and strength that Gabriel has. Gabriele has started cutting the lettuce the premiere day Gabriele couldnt cut 25 heads before having to stand straight up and relax and stretch his back.Gabriele stayed strong and kept up with his cutting and as the days went up Gabriele has cut thousands of lettuce and was on his way to finish up his rows. In this chapter it tells us that Gabriele starts working with the quell of the group and tells us all the struggles that Gabriel is spillage threw. Between the aches and pains and the sorenes s, Gabriel needs to stay strong, it really al scurvys us as the reader to wonder how hard these immigrants are working. As Gabriele goes on with his workdays no publication how hard he is working he is getting yelled out to work harder even though he believes that he is keeping up with the rest of the workers.Something that caught my eye that I feel this chapter was manly about was the immigrant worker towards the American workers in the United States. On a Sunday morning Gabriel went to visit Mateo, and the comments Mateo where reservation for me as an American worker in the United States take it personal. Basically trying to say that Mexican and immigrant workers work much harder where they work in in that location country, and that us Americans only sit in tallyices and work on computers all day.Something that was left out in this chapter could have answered these comments for me and for Mateo that we as Americans work harder then these immigrants commemorate we do. Gabriele could have given stories or even experiences he had with working to back up us Americans. At least explain that the reason why immigrants get into the United States and take the labor jobs from many American workers is because immigrants allow the low pay and the extra hours of work, because it isnt anything new for them.As seen in lettuce picking with the extra hours and the low pay, these immigrants dont have a choice they need to take these jobs. Towards the end of the chapter Gabriele is explaining how hard this job is for him, one of the hardest and Gabriel has taking 2 days off to relax his body. This job I making Gabriele dream about it that how much he thinks about it and worries about going to work every day. After all in my eyes Gabriel realizes that this job is putting a number to him, but he will not quite, he will work threw pain and encounter no matter what.

Office Depot Potter Analysis Essay

We strive to ensure that our customers needs be satisfied through various channel offerings. Our direct line of descent is tailored to serve small- to medium-sized customers. * sales representatives contribute to customer loyalty by building relationships with customers and providing in doion, personal credit line tools and problem-solving solutions to them. * offering a broad selection of studyly brand daub products, as tumefy as individual(a) brand products and services. Our selection of private brand products has profit in breadth and level of sophistication everywhere time.We currently offer general office supplies, computer supplies, business organization machines and related supplies, and office furniture under various labels, including say-so termination, Viking short letter Products, take, Ativa, Break Escapes, Niceday and Worklife * office supplies specialty stores faced heightened competition from discount department stores, warehouse clubs, supercenters and e -commerce websites, which founder undercut demand and eroded the industrys sales. curse of radical entrants Most office supplies are commoditized products, which have little brand loyalty.This, along with low end user switching cost, little governance regulation, and easy access to suppliers and distribution channels, is conducive to the entry of new players into the grocery store. Larger players benefit from scale economies that allow them to compete with noble-pitched-volume office supply providers that lead the market. Larger players with great financial muscle would be able to negotiate better contracts with suppliers and therefore achieve better profit margins. Entry can be achieved on a smaller scale by focusing on a specific product trope (e. g. n ink cartridge specialty store) or by developing an online retail shop. Poor growth in new-fashioned years, with stagnant growth forecast for the 2010-2015 period, decreases the threat of new entrants into the market somew hat. Overall, the threat of new entrants is strong. * Staples, built in bed Depot and property Max make up nearly $41 Billion of that total and Staples claiming one third of the market share. Thus, barriers to entry are high as these few firms dominate market share. * along with low brand loyalty and easy access to suppliers and distribution, likewise contribute to the high likelihood of new entrants Power of Buyer The office supply sector has customers including corporate, government, small business, and individual households. While individual households hold relatively little buying power, corporate and government business partners can have significant impact on the market surround. * abundance and diversity of buyers weakens buyer power. However, it is strengths due to low-cost switching, low product differentiation, and high price sensitivity strengthen it. Suppliers * Suppliers to this industry hold less power. Since retailers offer standardized costing products and services , few manufacturers can differentiate themselves.There are at least ten major competitors in the paper industry alone, for example, and on top of this the individual office suppliers themselves often carry their own line of generic product. * there are a number of substitutes available to consumers. Discount furniture outlets much(prenominal) as Ikea offer desks and chairs for the home office. For businesses, companies like Steelcase can furnish spotless buildings all under one contract, whereas an office supply outlet can non. Major corporations often enter into purchasing agreements with the computer manufacturers themselves to order in bulk.Retail outlets such as Best Buy offer the same technology as the office suppliers, often at a very agonistic price. Finally, Wal-Mart is a major * Suppliers range from multinational high-office providers to local stationeries. * Suppliers are numerous, and low differentiation, along with some backwards integration by players who sell their own branded goods, weakens supplier power. Rivarly among firms * Players range in size and product diversity they include high-volume office supply providers (e. g. Staples), warehouse clubs (e. g. Costco), copy and print businesses (e. g. FedEx Office), online retailers (e. g.Amazon. com), ink cartridge specialty stores, discount retailers, as well as several local and regional contract stationers. The large number of players, along with low-cost switching for buyers, low product differentiation, easy blowup by utilizing the internet, and miserable market growth in recent years, intensifies rivalry amongst incumbents. This is ameliorated somewhat by the diversity displayed in the product portfolio of some players, such as online retailers and discount retailers, who operate in other markets and are therefore not solely reliant on the revenues generated from the office services and supplies market.Relatively low computer storage costs and the non-specificity of players assets l owers barriers to exit and eases rivalry. Overall, rivalry is strong. * * The large number of players, along with low-cost switching for buyers, low product differentiation, easy expansion by utilizing the internet, and poor market growth in recent years, intensifies rivalry amongst incumbents. http//360. datamonitor. com. ezproxy. fau. edu/Product? pid=4CA55D31-18F9-44E1-BB86-D1E5E5306887 http//www. wikinvest. com/stock/Office_Depot_%28ODP%29/Filing/10-K/2010/F46736398toc38397_1 COMPETITION We operate in a highly warring environment in all three of our segments.We believe that we compete favorably on the basis of price, service, relationships and selection. We compete with office supply stores, wholesale clubs, discount stores, pot merchandisers, food and drug stores, computer and electronics superstores, internet-based companies and direct marketing companies. These companies, in varying degrees, compete with us in advantageously all of our current markets. Other office supply retail companies market similarly to us in terms of store format, pricing strategy, product selection and product avail susceptibility in the markets where we operate, chiefly those in the U.S. and Canada. We anticipate that in the future we will face change magnitude competition from these chains. Internationally, we compete on a similar basis to North America. outside of the U. S. and Canada, we sell through contract and catalog channels in 17 countries and operate retail stores in four countries through wholly-owned or majority-owned entities. Additionally, our International department provides office products and services in 34 countries through joint ventures, licensing and franchise agreements, cross-border transactions, alliances and other arrangements.Competition We compete with a variety of retailers, dealers, distributors, contract stationers, direct marketers and internet operators throughout our worldwide operations. This is a highly matched marketplace that include s such retail competitors as office supply stores, warehouse clubs, computer and electronics stores, mass merchandiser retailers, local merchants, grocery and drug-store chains as well as other competitors including direct mail and internet merchants, contract stationers, and direct manufacturers.Our competitors whitethorn be local, regional, national or international. Further, competition may come from highly-specialized low-cost merchants, including ink refill stores and kiosks, original equipment manufacturers, concentrated direct marketing channels including well-funded and broad-based enterprises. There is a opening that any or all of these competitors could become more aggressive in the future, thereby increasing the number and breadth of our competitors.In recent years, new and well-funded competitors have begun competing in certain(a) aspects of our business. For example, two major common carriers of goods have retail outlets that allow them to compete directly for copy, p rinting, packaging and shipping business, and offer products and services similar to those we offer. While they do not yet have the breadth of products that we offer, they are extremely competitive in the areas of package shipping and copy and print centers.Recently, the supposed warehouse clubs have expanded upon their in-store offerings by adding catalog and internet sales channels, offering a broad compartmentalisation of office products for sale on a direct delivery basis. In order to achieve and maintain expected profitability levels in our three operating divisions, we must continue to grow by adding new customers and taking market share from competitors and using pricing necessary to retain existing customers.If we fail to adequately address and respond to these force per unit areas in both North America and internationally, it could have a material adverse encumbrance on our business, financial condition, cores of operations and cash flows. HIGH EXIT COSTS The phoner h as been adversely affected by the downturn in the global economy in recent years and has taken actions to adapt to the changing and increasingly competitive conditions including closing stores and distribution centers (DCs), consolidating functional activities and disposing of businesses and assets.Exit costs related to these activities recognized during the year-to-date 2011 totaled approximately $25 million. Of this amount, approximately $17 million is included in Store and warehouse operating and selling expenses and approximately $8 million is included in General and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. http//www. sec. gov/ muniment/edgar/data/800240/000119312511279497/d241553d10q. htm BUYERS Government Contracts One of our largest U. S. ustomer groups consists of various state and local governments, government agencies and non-profit organizations. Our relationship with this customer group is subject to uncertain future funding levels and federal official and state procurement laws and look ats restrictive contract terms any of these factors could curtail current or future business. Contracting with state and local governments is highly competitive and can be expensive and time-consuming, often requiring that we incur significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that we will win a contract.Our ability to compete successfully for and retain business with the federal and various state and local governments is highly dependent on cost- eventive performance. Our government business is in addition sensitive to changes in national and international priorities and U. S. , state and local government budgets. SUPPLIERS Product Availability Potential Cost Increases In addition to selling our private brand merchandise, we are a reseller of manufacturers branded items and are thereby dependent on the availability and pricing of key products, including ink, toner, paper and technology products, to name a few. As a reseller, we cannot control the supply, design, function or cost of many of the products we offer for sale. Disruptions in the availability of raw materials used in production of these products may adversely affect our sales and result in customer dissatisfaction. Further, we cannot control the cost of manufacturers products and cost increases must either be passed along to our customers or result in an erosion of our earnings.Failure to identify desirable products and make them available to our customers when desired and at attractive prices could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. PRODUCT IDENTITY THREat of NEW ENTRANTS Global Sourcing of Products/Private Brand In recent years, we have substantially increased the number and types of products that we sell under our private brands including Office Depot and other proprietary brands.Sources of supply may prove to be unreliable, or the attribute of the glob ally sourced products may vary from our expectations. Economic and civil unrest in areas of the world where we source such products, as well as shipping and mooring issues could adversely impact the availability or cost of such products, or both. Moreover, as we seek indemnities from the manufacturers of these products, the uncertainty of realization of any such indemnity and the wishing of understanding of U. S. roduct liability laws in certain parts of Asia make it more likely that we may have to respond to claims or complaints from our customers. Most of our imported goods to the unite States arrive from Asia, and the ports through which these goods are imported are located primarily on the U. S. West Coast. Therefore, we are subject to potential disruption of our supplies of goods for resale due to cut into unrest, warranter issues or natural disasters affecting any or all of these ports.Finally, as a significant importer of manufactured goods from foreign countries, we are vulnerable to security concerns, labor unrest and other factors that may affect the availability and reliability of ports of entry for the products that we source. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. STAKEHOLDERS Unionization While our management believes that our employee relations are good, we cannot be assured that we will not experience pressure from labor unions or become the target of campaigns similar to those faced by our competitors.The potential for unionization could increase if the United States Congress passes federal legislation that would advance labor organization. The unionization of a significant portion of our workforce could increase our overall costs at the affected locations and adversely affect our flexibility to drift our business in the most efficient manner to remain competitive or acquire new business. In addition, significant union representation wo uld require us to negotiate wages, salaries, benefits and ther terms with many of our employees collectively and could adversely affect our results of operations by increasing our labor costs or otherwise confine our ability to maximize the efficiency of our operations. Regulatory Environment While businesses are subject to restrictive matters relating to the conduct of their businesses, including consumer protection laws, advertising regulations, wage and hour regulations and the like, certain jurisdictions have taken a particularly aggressive stance with respect to such matters and have stepped up enforcement, including fines and other sanctions.We transact substantial amounts of business in certain such jurisdictions, and to the extent that our business locations are exposed to what might be termed a challenging enforcement environment or legal or regulatory systems that authorize or encourage private parties to pursue relief under so-called private attorney general laws and s imilar authorizations for private parties to pursue enforcement of governmental laws and regulations, the resulting fines and exposure to third party liability (such as monetary recoveries and recoveries of attorneys fees) could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations, including the added cost of increased preventative measures that we may determine to be necessary to conduct business in such locales. Product differentiation Office Depot has made efforts to increase its profitability by offering copy and print services, community has integrated copy and print services into retail and commercial businesses. Staples provides those services as well= intense competition among rivals. Threats Low confidence among the small and medium scale businesses and high office vacancy rates indicates sluggish spending The economic abbreviates in the US indicate sluggish spending on office products and supplies.The optimism index (the index determining the spending inclination of the businesses) of a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization, representing small and breakaway businesses in the US, dropped to 89. 9 in July 2011 from 97. 6 in July 2007. The drop in July 2011 was the fifth monthly decrease in a row. With low levels of optimism, the small businesses are expected to cut costs. Additionally, in the Office Depot Small Business Index released in August 2011, 66% of the small and medium scale businesses (SMBs) verbalize that the economic downturn has affected their business. Nearly 79% of businesses surveyed indicated no plans to hire or add to their staff in the near future. Another negative trend is witnessed in the office vacancy rates in the US. consort to industry estimates, the office vacancy rate was 17. 6% in the last quarter of 2010, and rock-bottom slightly to 17. 5% in the first quarter of 2011. Office Depot has high correlation to macro economic trends which was reflected in the sales decline of its business segments, North Am erican retail, and North American business solutions during FY200810. During this period, the revenues from North American retail segment decreased by 18. 8%, and revenues from the North American business solutions segment decreased by 20. 6%. With the declining optimism and spending by the SMBs, the demand for Office Depots merchandise Opportunities Portfolio of environment friendly productsIn the recent times, sustainability and energy efficiency have gained in popularity owing to the increase in energy costs. More and more organizations have been adopting sustainable ways of doing business to annul costs and remain competitive. In order to cater to the growing demand for sustainable and energy efficient products, Office Depot offers a range of environment friendly products. The company offers a Green catalog, which features products that are recyclable, energy efficient, or have a reduced impact on the environment. The company also operates a separate section on its website, off icedepot. com, to sell its green products online. In 2010, Office Depot, in partnership with EarthEra, introduced Greener Shipping solution.The solution allows business customers to earn rewards and product discounts for trim down the carbon footprint associated with their office supply orders. In February 2011, Office Depot launched new assortment of energy efficient lamps under the Realspace brand. Furthermore, in August 2011, Office Depot started offering its customers the option to receive their supplies in a paper bag instead of a cardboard box. Office Depots increased focus on providing environment friendly products amidst growing demand for eco-friendly and energy efficient products would increase the companys revenues from the product line. Broadening computer assortment by offering tabletsTablets are similar to PCs and were previously used in that niche professional areas as they were bulky and had poor processing power and suffered from battery life problems. However, wi th technological advancements, tablets have increasingly become more sophisticated and are finding applications in many industries. According to the industry estimates, the global market of tablet computers such as Apple iPad, Galaxy Tab Samsung and BlackBerry Playbook is expected to increase from $16 billion in 2010 to $46 billion in 2014, registering a CAGR of 30%. In 2010, North America was the leading market for tablet computers. To tap the growing market for tablets, Office Depot too has been taking various initiatives to increase the assortment of tablets offered at its stores.In April 2011, the company started offering BlackBerry PlayBook tablets at its stores. In the following month, Office Depot started offering the Acer Iconia Office Depot, Inc. Page 25 Datamonitor Office Depot, Inc. SWOT Analysis Tab A500 at its stores. Further in June 2011, Office Depot announced the pre-sale availability of the Toshiba Thrive tablets on its website. The latest tablet to be added to the companys assortment of tablets was the Lenovo IdeaPad in August 2011. Besides these, the company also offers tablets from various brands such as HP TouchPad, ASUS Transformer, ViewSonic G-Tablet, and Velocity Micro Cruz. Office Depot also offers various accessories needed for these tablets.By increasing its assortment in the tablets category, Office Depot can drive incremental comparative store sales and facilitate top line growth. Improving store efficiency The company has taken up several initiatives to improve its store efficiency in the recent times. Office Depot plans to remodel nearly 50 of its traditional stores with the M2 format in 2011. There are two versions of this format, M2M and M2S. A typical M2M store is spread across an area of approximately 20,000 square feet, and a M2S store across an area of 15,000 square feet. These two formats will help the company to improve product display with updated signage and lighting.It will also lower overall operating costs for the company. Additionally, Office Depot has been testing a new smaller concept store. These stores are spread across an area of 5,000 square feet. These smaller stores would offer only half the items found at a regular Office Depot store, but that would encompass more than 90% of the product categories regularly sold. Smaller stores would not only reduce Office Depots operating costs but also facilitate its quick penetration in urban areas where it is exhausting to find appropriate space. http//360. datamonitor. com. ezproxy. fau. edu/Product? pid=DBCM6748ampview=d0e340 http//www. sec. gov/Archives/edgar/data/800240/000119312511041599/d10k. htm

Automobile Safety Essay

Intro Automobiles You just stand to have one in this fast paced world In the United States, or maybe just in a normal city such as Los Angeles or New York, machines argon necessary. People need to move from mastermind A to point B. These points plunder be as close as a few vitamin C feet or scour range up to a few hundred miles When making these trips resort is a priority. at that place be hundreds of thousands of automobiles on the roads across the nation and if safe was not considered, thousand would be injured or even killed dailyAutomobile resort has come a long room every over the years and as every day goes by more and more new ship canal are created to keep drivers, and their passengers, safe on the road. Thesis Since the automobile was first created, more and more safety precautions have been taken to aim an automobile ride as safe as possible. I allow provide information on how to keep you and your railroad car up to date with some precautions to ensure saf ety on the road. Preview.We will begin with examples and tips on how to choose the safest automobile on the road, then we will olfactory modality at precautions automobile companies are taking to keep you safe, and finally we will see some issues that are unflurried to be taken care of as the automobile industry soars. Point 1 There are many contrasting automobile companies providing buyers with many styles of cars, trucks, SUVs, and motorcycles. Toronto Star January 14, 2005 present ways to approach the self-propelled buying process.There are many different surveys, crash reports, and rating systems comparing different companies and their vehicles. Things you should look for when reading these published articles are who conducted the study? Who paid for it? Who gains from it? Who loses? These are all things to keep eye on as some automotive companies will run their bear surveys making their products seem overpowering against the competition. many prove their products are s afer then the competition where the competition has been proven time and time again to make that survey seem inaccurate.The consumer is the biggest tar limit for these falsifying surveys. The act of choosing the right size, shape, and color all have their own place in the process, but choosing the make of the automotive is the real hurdle some people get stuck on. Country Living November 2005 presents to the consumer what new options are available on GM automobiles and trucks. They state that, Only GM is committed to offering a full range of cars, trucks, and SUVs that offer GM continuous safety apology before, during, and thanks to On-Star technology, after vehicle collisions. This is a prime example of how vehicle manufacturing businesss sell their product to the consumer before the consumer steps foot into a dealership. The consumer, relying on this ad, will step foot, in this case, in a GM dealership and then decide what vehicle to chose depending on the models they offer. The consumer has now disregarded all some other vehicle manufacturing businesss just by relying on an ad. Almost all vehicle manufacturers have their own way of merchandising to consumers before consumers even see the line of vehicles they offer.Catchy slogans and ads are things all manufacturers use to gain their consumers attention. rebirth from 1 to 2 Now that we saw what vehicle manufacturers are doing to get your attention, lets look at the statistics on which manufacturer actually provides you with the safety that they claim. Point 2 Newswire US February 9, 2006 states rich information about automotive safety. icing & Sullivans recent analysis of active and passive safety systems in the US and consumers desirability and willingness to pay for such systems recognized Volvo as the recipient of the 2005 U.S. Consumer Choice of the Year Award for blemish Offering the Best Overall Automotive Safety. This particular survey was conducted exploitation over 1,000 U. S. consumers. Wh at this survey tells the consumer is valuable in making a decision. By stating that Volvo has received this award doesnt mean other manufacturers vehicles are unsafe. This survey only states that you get the safety you pay for with Volvo vehicles and also that Volvo customers are convenient with their vehicles.One of the things that helped Volvo achieve this award is that they provide standard three-point safety belts, which is one of the industries most cost effective vehicular safety features. Volvo was also one of the first brands to adopt padded dashboards, ergonomic seats, disk brakes, clasp zones, split steering columns, integrated child booster cushions, and side airbags. Recent additions to Volvos signature safety features are whiplash protection seating systems, rollover protection system, roll stability control, and their intelligent vehicle architecture.Volvo has been around for over 75 years and they been amazing their customers with better and stylish vehicles every time they renew or get in a new model. Transition from 2 to 3 Now that we seen how advertisement and research studies on safety can help the consumer make their decision, let us look at some issues vehicle manufacturers have and what precautions can be taken to avoid danger on the road. Point 3 Tires. No intimacy what vehicle manufacturer you chose, there is always the fear of getting a flat break or even having a run out explode while the vehicle is in motion.Tire manufacturers design all kinds of run downs such as Run-Flats, which are basically thicker tires with insulation that allow the vehicle to be driven even though the tire is flat. Just like vehicle manufacturers, there are many different tire manufacturers. This is where the safety issue comes in. Tires can r for each one high temperatures while in motion. As the tire is number even a small nail can cause it to explode. clutches in mind that the tire has air in it. The faster the tire rotates the more pressure it ha s being exerted outward from the center of the rim.To guess a little hair pin or paperclip can have no have-to doe with on a tire as it is still, this is not the case as the tires are under higher(prenominal) pressure and are prone to damage or explode when any sharp or pointy object lens is present to the tire. Fleet Owner February 1st, 2006 present an article to the consumer about Automatic tire inflation systems. nigh newer vehicles, such as the Cadillac Escalade, offer this new mechanism. There is an automatic pressure gauge in each tire.When the tire is deflated past the minimum psi needed for the tire to operate properly, an on-board air compressor is triggered to convey the pressure inside the tire to proper level. This new mechanism can help reduce tire damage due to driving with deflated tires, which also results in the tire exploding, but you must still be cautious yourself as there might be many objects on the road that can still cause damage to any tire. Restated Th esis Now you have better knowledge on Vehicle and road safety. SummaryWe began looking at what consumers should look for in a vehicle when acquire it in regards to safety and advertising flaws. Then we moved on to the statistics that proved Volvo to be the safest automobile manufacturer of 2005. And finally we were informed about conditions that automotive manufacturers have no control over by using the tire pressure and road conditions as examples. Conclusion Safety is the number on thing automobile manufacturers have in mind no matter what type of vehicle they design.Different manufacturers have different safety standards, but there is one overall manufacturer that is awarded with the safest line of cars award. In 2005 it was Volvo. The Volvo automotive group has succeeded in meeting their safety goals. But at the same time there are other conditions that still lie between point A and point B. As safe as your car can be, always take caution when driving no matter where u may be. Keep your eyes on the road and be safe everyone. Works Cited Vehicle safety has come a long way over the years, The Toronto Star, 14 January 2006, Pg G06. Road to progress paved with potholes, USA Today, 15 November 2005, Pg 3B. Volvo Cars receives Frost & Sullivans U. S. Consumer Choice Award Volvo Brand Named Best Overall Automotive Safety, PR Newswire US, 9 February 2006. more complex cars and more stricter rules lead to more recalls, The New York Times, 26 October, 2005, Pg. 32. Road transport Safety system a major problem, European Report, 18 February, 2006, Pg. 323. Whats new in Tire Inflation, Fleet Owner, 1 February, 2006 Going the extra mile your guide to continuous automotive safety, Country Living, November 2005, Pg. 96A.

12-Corporate Ownership, Governance and Tax Avoidance

The fact is that imposees deductions from the cash flows available to a firm, and therefore the dividends distributable to the shareholders, propose that firm owners would take in charge to increase their wealth through various appraisees to keep away from these Practices. Such types of advantages of enhanced cash flows from impose scheme practices are ingenious with certain Non-tax costs.This required the costs/benefits considering of such type of practices and the choice of tax avoidance if the interest outweigh the linked costs. Therefore, the benefits and the associated costs with corporate tax avoidance are discussed here. preliminary to explanation, little awareness are provided on the meaning and measures of corporate Tax avoidance to give right-hand(a) ground for the discussion in detail. The corporate tax avoidance lacks universal definition as it cogency connote opposite thing to different People (Hanlon & Heitzman, 2010137).The reality is that there is significant tax impacts on all settlement of a Company, meant to enhance its profit, could account for such shortness of universal definition. , they have different definitions of corporate tax avoidance put up by researchers in present times (for a review of these definitions see Salihu, Sheikh Obid & Annuar, 2013 Salihu 2014). Here, explain corporate tax avoidance as a accrue the clear cut corporate tax liabilities.This definition is in line with Hanlon and Heitzman (2010) It explains tax avoidance as a continuum of tax arrangements policies where something like municipal bond Investments are at one side (lower open tax, perfectly legal), Therefore , the terms Such as tax management tax planning tax sheltering and tax aggressiveness are exchangeable used with tax Avoidance in the literature (see for character Chen et al. 2010 Lanis and Richardson, 2011 2012 Minnick & Noga, 2010 Tang & Firth, 2011).Similar to its definition, there have been many ways of corporate tax avoidance used in the prior Literature. These ways are mainly depended on the estimates from the financial statements and could be categorise into three classes/ conventions. The first group adds those measures that examine the multitude of the gap between book and Taxable income. each(prenominal) these consist of total book-tax gap residual book-tax gap and tax-effect book-tax gap.The Second group has to take up with those take a leak the evaluate the proportional amount of taxes to business income. All these having effective tax rates (this comes in several(prenominal) variants like explanation ETR current ETR cash ETR Long-run cash ETR ETR differential ratio of income tax outlay to operating cash flow & ratio of cash taxes Paid to operating cash flow). The third group comprises other measures such as optional permanent differences (PERMIDIFF)/DTAX unrecognized tax benefits (UTB) and tax shelter estimates. other(a) than this plethora of measures of corporate tax avoidance used in the tax literatur e, its conforming aspect frame un-captured as most of the measures are computed based on items that are affected by accrual accounting Procedures. To this part, Hanlon and Heitzman (2010) proposed a measure for conforming tax avoidance as the Proportion of cash tax remunerative to operating cash flow. Salihu, Sheikh Obid and Annuar (2013) documented the significant difference of this measure from other similar measures. This sketch suggested the use this measure for the Empirical investigation given the context of the study.

Bilingual Education in Early Childhood Essay

Living in a bea on the move, it whitethorn well turn out that tomorrow the next-door neighbors of a certain family will be persons who speak what to them is a foreign tongue. For political, economic and social reasons, as well as to further their rearing, tribe argon relocating themselves in all separate of the globe. Perhaps in that location is already a foreign-speaking population where you live. Truly, East, West, atomic number 7 and South are meeting as never before. So if the nipperren come running home with the excite announcement, DadMom We stick a new playmate who doesnt even talk the port we do, parents might seriously begin to consider training their children to speak a nonher vocabulary. Before closing angiotensin-converting enzymes mind completely to the prospect, however, consider this fact Talking to native speakers is wiz of the best t separatelyers there is. As single is acquainted with them, extending hospitality, an individual will also be able to le arn slightlything virtually their style, and this will enable the parents to teach their children.Indeed, in a global brotherhood that the human is involved with today, it is innate for people to at least learn two or more languages that is widely recitationd by people around the world. This is mainly to be able to catch up with the growing engage for language experts in the professional world. However, the question is, when should bilingual nurture begin? According to Psychologist Dennis Coon, the best time of teaching a person how to speak is from the belly of his mother beginning during the pregnancy years (34).How is this possible? It has been intimate through research that children, even when they are still inside the uterus could already interact with the world outside. Moreover, as the infant is born, talking to him in straight words without baby talking seriously developed early speaking skills on many growing babies today. (Coon, 36) It is also according to the au thorities that the most useful time of teaching a child to speak his language and at least another one is during the commencement exercise four formative years of the childs life.Hence, it is thusly vital to start as early as first year of the babys life. A childs first formative years is the highest capacity of a young mind to grasp the lessons being learned. However, most issues need to be addressed when bilingual instruction is being discussed. Scope of the Problem In many parts of educational development, bilingual education is treated as nurture for non-the Statesn students. The use of their native language along with the inculcation of incline to their vocabulary is the main aim of this program.According to educators, this is more likely an ESL program that would indeed assist foreign nationals living in the the Statesn territories to adapt to the society, especially with regards to children who are born in America. This would help the non-Americans to be one with the American community in terms of language. To the educators, this is a way by which America could be able to overcome ethnic differences in the country. However, some language experts say that this is not an easy task for early childhood educators.The fact is that at times, some students come to the American field with a fluency on their native language already and thus may not rich person so much interest in knowing other languages more. Aside form this, according to some English Only advocates, bilingualism would except lead to an ethnic line of division between the nationalistic views of the natives of America (Internet). The Pros of the Issue on bilingual Education ImplementationMany educators are indeed amiable that bilingual education is an essential part of learning especially with children who are of different ethnic society in the United States. Many professional early child education experts consider that through the utilization of bilingualism in the educational systems, children would become more concern and highly, in connection with their environment because of their language. The following are some of the facts that support the said claims of education experts Childrens preparedness in facing the society with confidence lies in their ability to speak their thoughts in a way that their peers would understand them. Hence, for ethnic groups in the United States, learning nilingual language is necessary for them to be able to get along well with the American society. Bilingual education has been proven to sharpen the minds of the young students. The fact that their thinking ability is still budding, learning languages is one of the best ways to develop a young persons mind through contend education. Understanding what the world talks about and being able to respond is an essential part of a persons life. This factor of being accepted in the society in a easy way f being understood because of language is a great potential for producing confident individuals in the future. The Cons of the Issue Although the fine part of the programmed education has already been laid, not all educators agree of that the bilingual education program would simply do its purpose.To them, the other side of the issue may bring disaster to the American society. How? The details regarding this are as follows Teaching the ethnic groups on the use of perfect English language may make their groups stronger that they would be able to rebel against the rules of the law at times that these laws would not be amiable to their wants. Since the native language of the ethnic groups of the American Society would be used, it could be noticed that there could be a possibility of the lost nationalistic idea in teaching.Some American students may want to learn other languages that may affect their own personalities. As obviously seen, these reasons of the bilingual education implementations ineffective effects to the American society may be true, yet at some point s exaggerated. It could be observed that by being able to balance the values that bilingual education implies, the said system of teaching young students could as well be beneficial not only for the pupils themselves but also for the whole American community. What too soon childhood Educators Need To KnowThere are necessary guidelines though that educators need to know when teaching bilingual education to children. The said guidelines are as follows Bilingual education helps in the mind-development of handicapped children. (Internet) If incase the class that an educator is supposed tot each involves handicapped children, he must be able to recognize that learning bilingual knowledge is vital for their growth and development as a person of worth, hence, he should continuously encourage them in learning their lessons well. Teaching bilingual education requires close interaction with the students, especially with those who are having a rough time coping up with the changes. This ha s to be done for the educator to be assured that the students under his charge are learning something from his teachings. Quality is more important than quantity exposure to the English Language. A childs ability to speak correctly depends not on the times he is exposed to English speaking people but on the correct teachings of his educators in his class. ESL is taught more efficiently in graphic situations. This means that children are forced to use English when they are faced with situations that require them to do so. With these guidelines, Early childhood educators would be equipped with the necessary points of consideration they have to remember during their teaching sessions. Resources for Early childishness Educators To be able to meet the challenges of teaching bilingual education to young students, the government of the United States of America provided necessary resources that are available for teachers to utilize.Aside form these, numerous books are also available for field of view basis on this issue. As for example, Peter Woods Multicultural Children in the Early Years fanciful Teaching, Meaningful Learning talks about the necessary factors of consideration that educators should remember upon meeting Multicultural Children in their class. Meanwhile, Tony Cline features several effective curriculum for bilingual education, which were used and proven effective by other educators in his book Curriculum Related Assessment, Cummins and Bilingual Children.Likewise, Angela Carraasquillos Teaching the Bilingual Special Education student, gives guidelines on the teaching methods that could be inculcated in the nature of teaching of the educators to their young students. Finally, Norbert Francis Language and Literacy Teaching for endemical Education A Bilingual Approach, helps the educators overcome cultural differences during the entire course of bilingual education instruction processes. By utilizing the said resources, the educators would surely g ain the necessary skills that are to be of good use during their teaching sessions with multicultural students.Conclusion Indeed, teaching is an art. Moreover, the artistic approach of this art is further encouraged in teaching students of the bilingual education. Hence, to be able to gain success from the said aspect of teaching, educators must have the right disposition as well as inspiration and reason for teaching. The fact that they realize that they are able to help ethnic groups in the American regions to fit in the society, should make them see the grandeur of educating the children with bilingual education.BIBLIOGRAPHY Maria Estela Brisk. (2005). Bilingual Education From Compensatory to Quality Schooling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 2nd edition. Colin Baker. (2006). Foundations of Bilingual Education And Bilingualism (Bilingual Education and Bilingualism). trilingual Matters Limited 4th edition. Olivia N. Saracho. (2004). Contemporary Perspectives on Language Polic y and Literacy Instruction in Early Childhood Education (Contemporary Perspectives in Early

Nuclear Forces, Policies, and Weapons

The Federation of American Scientists has created the nuclear Forces website, which contains interesting breeding on atomic topics. Probably, the aim of creating such website was in making people aware of thermonuclear policies and nuclear threats in the world. Accessing the website means accessing the info and links to nuclear guides of several countries (Iran, North Korea, Ukraine, etc.). It is crucial to pay watchfulness to the website sources and resources, when its substance is hit the booksd.The website provides the links to the two summary tables nuclear weapons capabilities and special weapons capabilities. Objectively, it is rather difficult and problematic for the non-specialist to analyze the table of nuclear weapons capabilities.These difficulties are connected with the complex structure of the table. Simultaneously, the summary of the special weapons capabilities provides comprehensive information about the countries, which possess and can utilize the weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, biological, etc.). The table seems to lack any pertinent or peer reviewed references, this is why it can hardly be used as the source of passkey research. The website also provides the links to the Nuclear Notebook (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists), Nuclear Facts and Figures, etc.The information found on this website can become a starting point of any research in the area of nuclear forces, policies, or weapons. Its data can become a valuable source of information, but professional researchers should lift it very critically.This does not mean that the information is misleading. One may recommend including peer-reviewed publications into the website content. This will add professionalism to the website in general. Information on the website is organized so that it should be easily accessed and read. However, some links are superannuated and require being either updated or deleted at all. In the world where nuclear technologies are updated da ily, the content of such websites also requires regular reviews. Otherwise, this information will lose its relevance and utility.ReferencesFederation of American Scientists. Nuclear forces guide. Retrieved 07 January 2008 fromhttp//www.fas.org/nuke/guide/

Response Paper of Meditation Four, Five, and Six

Descartes talked just about the true and the false, and how we make mistakes in conjecture Four. Descartes believed that error as such is not something real that depends upon perfection, but rather is merely a defect. And therefore there is no need to account for my errors by positing a faculty presumption to me by God for this purpose(546). He thought that the reason why we make mistakes is that the faculty of judging the truth, which we got from God, is not infinite(546).When Descartes foc subprogramd much closely on to a greater extent closely on himself and inquired into the nature of his errors, he noted that errors depend on the simultaneous concurrence of cardinal causes intellect and will(547). He didnt believe that God ought to have given us a greater faculty of knowing than he did(547). So we quite a littlenot make no mistakes ilk God. Then Descartes wage hiked a question that ass he complain that the will or fire choice he have received from God is insufficient ly ample or perfect(547).After apply paragraphs talking about it, Descartes perceived that the power of willing is not the cause of his errors, for it is most ample as well as perfect in its kind(548). This idea is similar to Augustines ides in On informal Choice of the Will. Then he thought if he held off from making a judgment when he do not perceive what is true with sufficient clarity and distinctness, it is cleat that he was acting correctly and not committing an error(548).In the end, he said he would indeed attain it if only he paying(a) enough attention to solely the things that he perfectly understand, and separate them off from the rest, which he apprehended more confusedly and more obscurely(549). Descartes talked about the essence of material things and prove that God exists again. Descartes said that it is obvious that whatsoever is true is something, and he have already demonstrated at some length that all that he know clearly is true(550).Then he thought that it is obvious to anyone who pays close attention that existence can no more be separated from Gods essence than its having three angles equal to two right angles can be separated from the essence of a triangle(551). So existent belongs to the essence of God. Descartes can no more trust of God as not existing than he can think of mountain without a valley(550). Actually, I do really agree with Descartes prove process, even if I do not agree with some of his conclusion. I think the way he prove things is rational and tenacious.He thought we should raise some ideas which he has no doubt about it. Then he use them to prove things. It just like what Euclid did in Elements. Raise some Axioms first, then use them to prove all others and build the whole system. Elements presents them in a single, logically coherent framework, making it unaccented to use and easy to reference(3). only the key point to get a true conclusion and build a logical system is to find the correct Axioms or foundat ions. I have to say that Axioms or foundations changes because of the religion and the cultivation of science.For example, the Axioms of the theory of relativity argon different from the classical physics Axioms because human know more about the nature. Descartes thought that necessary existence belongs to the essence of God in Meditation Five, and take it as a foundation. But there must be someone does not think so. He thought that because of his brief. But someone may not believe in God. I think Axioms or foundations might be various depends on individual difference and timed difference.But I think if you can raise your own Axioms or foundations build a logical system and make sense, it well be genuine for sure. We cannot get the truth straightly, it just like we climb up cockle stairs. And all Axioms and foundations and knowledge systems which are built by different foundations does contribute to achieving the truth. Without the old foundations and the system built by them, we cannot have unsanded recognizing and raise new foundations to build new system and approach the truth.

The Baron of the Separation of Powers

A French semi political thinker, Baron Montesquieu had various historied notions on society and politics but most remarkable would be his ideas on the insularity of powers. Comparing the institutions of Great Britain with the more dominating institutions of the Bourbon monarchy of his age in France, as a case in point, Montesquieu in his Spirit of the Laws (De Lesprit des Lois 1748) explored what he posited to be a functional peculiarity of the British Constitution the Separation of Powers.This analytical separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, and the infallible reconciliation of such is arguably the most noted contribution of the thinker Montesquieu to political thought and manage. Montesquieu is Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brede et le Montesquieu (January 18, 1689 in Bordeaux February 10, 1755). This review of his life and key ideas is an important effort toward a better disposition of the development of democractic ideals and ideas.In the following essay, we sh e genuinely endeavor to highlight the main points in the life of the thinker and the key notions that he explored and which earned him such distinction in political thought. Highlights of the Life of The Baron and Thinker. Montesquieu, as a product of the period of Enlightenment, articulated many seminal concepts in political philosophy and thought but he is most noted for the aforementioned notion of the separation of powers (Pangle, 75). His life was a narrative of political clientele and privileged study.Before marrying one Jeanne de Latrigue, a Protestant, he was a student at the Catholic College of Juilly. This marriage is notable as it brought him a substantial dowry at the relatively young age of 26. On choke of this, he reportedly inherited quite a fortune from an uncle, including the title Baron de Montesquieu. These, it appears, had afforded him the luxuries of a indignation for companionable commentary and political thought (Shackleton, 16) By that time he was married and titled, England had been through its alleged(prenominal) Glorious Revolution (168889) and had decl bed itself a constitutional monarchy.Furthermore, England had by accordingly joined with Scotland in the spousal relationship of 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Then, in 1715, the Sun King, Louis XIV, was succeeded by a weaker monarch, Louis XV. Such developments meant a business deal for the Baron as they are well noted in his writings such as in his magnum opus The Spirit of the Laws. The Spirit of the Laws was originally released in 1748 and, though published anonymously, quickly became popular among the commentators of the time.Notably, it got muscular criticism from both supporters and opponents of the regime in France while the Roman Catholic Church banned it with the new(prenominal) writings of Montesquieu in 1751. However, in the rest of Europe, it received acclaim especially in Britain (Shackleton, 83). In the then formative No rthern America, in the British colonies, Montesquieu was seen as an advocate of liberty and is argued to have been the most a great deal cited authority on politics (Lutz, 191). Montesquieu was able to travel throughout Europe including Austria, Hungary, Italy and England before resettling in France and at long last dying in 1755 and being buried in Paris.The Thoughts of Montesquieu. Echoed by the American calls for change at that time, Montesquieus manoeuvre was a great influence on many of the American Fo downstairss, such as James Madison. Montesquieus suggestion that government should be set up so that no man need be terrified of another reminded Madison and others that a free and stable foundation for their new national government needful a realizely defined and balanced separation of powers a theory merely implicit in Aristotle (Thackrah 188).It must be recalled here that the Greek Aristotle advocated a form of mixed government, or polity, in which all citizens rule an d are ruled by turn. Based on the precept in political obligation founded in distributive justice the principle uniting citizen to citizen and all to the state in which equals are treated equally this idea of the separation of powers was given greater expression by James Harrington who, in the seventeenth-century, who, argued for a written constitution.John Locke, it must also be pointed out, suggested that liberties could be more easily protected and the amicable compact upheld more effectively by a separation of powers and introduced a notion that was to have rootage influence through the systematic theory elaborated by Montesquieu (Thackrah 188). In his magnum opus, Baron Montesquieu expressed his belief that the English constitution epitomized the separation of powers. The English model could create an effective balance of powers within the state, avoiding the autocratic tendencies inherent both in absolute monarchy and in government by the common people.Following Montesqui eu, the three powers ordinarily considered to be separable in the exercise of government are (Thackrah 188) 1. The legislative which formulates policy and enacts it as legality 2. The executive which carries policy into action 3. The judiciary which applies the law according to rules of procedural justice and resolves disputes. Montesquieu argued that the sign of the despot was to subsume these powers under one and to hold that one power to himself. Despots and independent judiciaries do not go hand in hand. Montesquieu thus believed in the totality of separation of powers.The executive power should not be exercised by members of the legislature but by a monarch, subject to impeachment for actions performed ultra vires (Thackrah 188). The differentiation of powers is not clear in the Western world for example, in Britain executive power lies with the cabinet which is formed from members of the ruling majority party in Parliament, i. e. , of the legislature, and which effectively controls the operation of Parliament. Guarantees of liberty contained in the British constitution cannot be attributed scarce to a separation of powers.The American constitution does not separate the powers completely, nor indeed could it do so without destroying the necessary unity of government (Thackrah 188 Lutz 193). Government in the Western world at least would be unsufferable if the three powers ceased to function in unison. As Thackrah cited from Roger Scruton, a political lexicographer, laws enacted by the legislature must use by the executive, and upheld by the judiciary and if a judge acts ultra vires, it must be possible for he legislature to hold him to account and for the executive to remove him from office (189).If all three braches were united under a single crack, the opportunity for an act of government to go through rapidly would be very much greater than if three individuals or sets of individuals had to concur before that act went through and so the separatio n of powers imparts a brake to the activity of government. When all three powers act in concert the matters go forrad let one of them refrain and nothing can go forward at all. This means delay. To be more specific, Montesquieu devoted four chapters of The Spirit of the Laws to a discussion of England where freedom or liberty was purportedly sustained by a balance of powers.His anxiety lay over his observation that in his France, the mean(a) powers (that is, the nobility) which moderated the power of the prince were being eroded. It must be pointed out that Montesquieus most influential work divided French society into three classes or trias politica (a term he coined) the monarchy, the aristocracy, and the commons. Montesquieu saw two types of governmental power alive the sovereign and the administrative. The administrative powers included the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary.These should be separate from and dependent upon each other. This was very novel or radica l in the sense that this did away with the feudalistic structure of the French model at the time. Finally, ilk many Enlightenment thinkers, Montesquieu posited many other intriguing ideas. He endorsed the idea that a woman could head government (but then she supposedly could not be effective as the head of a family). He accepted hereditary aristocracy but was an ardent opponent of slavery. Another one of his more notable propositions is that climate may influence the nature of man and his society.He in fact asserted that certain climates are superior to others as, for example, the temperate climate of France is supposedly ideal and such could affect political dynamics. His view in this regard has been referred to as being seminal in that it included material factors in the explanation of social dynamics and political forms (Althusser 102). The Thinker Lives On. Today, many governments, including ours, have been designed with concern for a separation of powers. It is without read/w rite head one of the pillars of contemporary political practice, given the primary importance that society gives to the notion of democracy.Democracy is seen as the practice of upholding the rights and interests of free peoples. Hence, so long as democracy lives, the thinker and his thoughts, Montesquieu and his thesis on the separation of governmental powers, live on. Works Cited Lutz, David. The Relative Influence of European Writers on Late Eighteenth-Century American Political Thought, American Political Science Review 78, 1 (March, 1984)189-197. Althusser, Louis. Politics and History Montesquieu, Rousseau, Marx, NLB, 1972. Pangle, Thomas, Montesquieus Philosophy of Liberalism.Chicago 1989. Person, James junior , ed. Montesquieu (excerpts from chap. 8) in Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800, (Gale Publishing 1988), vol. 7, pp. 350-52. Shackleton, Robert. Montesquieu a Critical Biography. Oxford 1961. Schaub, Diana J. Erotic Liberalism Women and Revolution in Montesquieus Ira nian Letters. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield, 1995. Spurlin, Paul M. Montesquieu in America, 1760-1801. New York Octagon Books, 1961. Thackrah, J. R. Politics. Oxford, London Heinemann Publishing, 1990.

Principles of Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Principles of Economic - Essay ExampleIf both(prenominal) countries are closed economies, i.e., they do not participate in any trade then both countries will cook both goods by allocating half of their resources to all(prenominal) of the goods, tomatoes and clothes in our case. Consider the hypothetical table belowThey open firenot catch entire amounts of both goods at the same time. However, take part in transnational trade and specialization tin help increase their achievement possibilities. Since Pakistan is better at cloth production while Germany is better at tomatoes production, Pakistan is said to have an absolute advantage in cloth production and Germany in tomatoes production. Therefore, common experience suggests that each should specialize in the good in which they have an absolute advantage and as a result, each of them would be better off than they were before. This means that Pakistan should produce 400 clothes and no tomatoes and Germany should produce 400 to matoes and no clothes. Therefore, Pakistan can now logical implication two hundred tomatoes from Germany while Germany can import 200 clothes from Pakistan, in that respectby each of them realizing a gain of 150 from international trade and specialization.Clearly thither is a gain from international trade and specialization in the form of increased production possibilities. ... Therefore, Pakistan can now import 200 tomatoes from Germany while Germany can import 200 clothes from Pakistan, thereby each of them realizing a gain of 150 from international trade and specialization. Cloth TomatoesTotal production (without trade) 250 250Total production (with trade) 400 400Clearly there is a gain from international trade and specialization in the form of increased production possibilities. However, even when, for instance, Germany has an absolute advantage in the production of both tomatoes and clothes, participating in international trade and specialization can increase its production possibilities and increase world trade. The speculation of comparative advantage says that it should specialize in those goods which it can produce with relatively greater efficiency and import the other.However, we must remember that the above was based on two countries and two products only. In the real world, there are many products and countries involved. However, this model can be extended to include any number of countries or products. Other assumptions are also involved such as production costs are incessant and there are no restrictions on international trade. In reality, this is not true. Nevertheless, we can conclude that international trade and specialization can increase world trade through the theories of absolute and comparative advantage.Q2 (a) (i) bell of Mangoes - $ / kgQuantity Demanded - 000/kgQuantity supplied-000/kg$6.00 220400$5.50 240360$5.00 260320$4.50 280280$4.00 300240$3.50 320200$3.00 340160balance quantity= 280000